Ramipril lowered cardiovascular risk, but vitamin E did not

Byron J. Hoogwerf, MD
Department of Endocrinology, Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Cleveland Clinic; investigator, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study

James B. Young, MD
Head, Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic; member, steering committee, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study

Address: Byron J. Hoogwerf, MD, Department of Endocrinology, A30, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; hoogweb@ccf.org

This paper discusses off-label uses of medication. The HOPE study was funded by the Medical Research Council of Canada, Hoechst-Marion Roussel, AstraZeneca, King Pharmacuticals, Natural Source Vitamin E Association, Negma, and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.

Drs. Hoogwerf and Young serve as consultants for Monarch Pharmaceuticals.

Byron J. Hoogwerf, MD
Department of Endocrinology, Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Cleveland Clinic; investigator, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study

James B. Young, MD
Head, Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic; member, steering committee, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study

Address: Byron J. Hoogwerf, MD, Department of Endocrinology, A30, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; hoogweb@ccf.org

This paper discusses off-label uses of medication. The HOPE study was funded by the Medical Research Council of Canada, Hoechst-Marion Roussel, AstraZeneca, King Pharmacuticals, Natural Source Vitamin E Association, Negma, and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.

Drs. Hoogwerf and Young serve as consultants for Monarch Pharmaceuticals.

Byron J. Hoogwerf, MD
Department of Endocrinology, Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Cleveland Clinic; investigator, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study

James B. Young, MD
Head, Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic; member, steering committee, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study

Address: Byron J. Hoogwerf, MD, Department of Endocrinology, A30, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; hoogweb@ccf.org

This paper discusses off-label uses of medication. The HOPE study was funded by the Medical Research Council of Canada, Hoechst-Marion Roussel, AstraZeneca, King Pharmacuticals, Natural Source Vitamin E Association, Negma, and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.

Drs. Hoogwerf and Young serve as consultants for Monarch Pharmaceuticals.